What went wrong for Modi?

June 12, 2024

KUALA LUMPUR – AS A close and interested observer of Indian politics, I watched the marathon election campaign unfold with much interest.

I shared the popular sentiment and opinion that the Indian Prime Minister will lead his party and coalition back to power with a thumping majority. But the vagaries of Indian politics exhibited its full muscle and threw up a surprising verdict.

Modi’s BJP failed to secure an outright majority in the recent election due to several factors. A significant drop in seats, particularly in Uttar Pradesh, was a major setback. The state’s loss was pivotal as it holds substantial sway in national politics.

Rising joblessness, increasing prices, and growing inequality contributed to voter dissatisfaction. Additionally, a controversial army recruitment reform and Modi’s divisive campaign targeting Muslims alienated some voters.

The opposition Congress Party-led INDIA alliance made a surprising comeback, defying earlier predictions of its decline. Rahul Gandhi led a spirited campaign that resonated with many voters. The revival of coalition politics marked a return to “normal politics,” with multiple parties sharing and competing for power. The BJP, once seen as all-powerful, now relies on coalition partners, making it vulnerable to potential collapse if allies feel neglected.

Modi’s personal brand has also taken a hit. Despite his stable governance record, efficient welfare programs, and enhancing India’s global image, anti-incumbency sentiments affected his popularity. His ambitious campaign slogan aiming for more than 400 seats may have backfired, raising fears of constitutional changes among poorer voters and backward caste voters who felt Modi may amend the constitution to